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Martial Gueroult
Martial Gueroult〔The proper spelling is without an accent mark; however the spelling ''Guéroult'' has also been propagated.〕 (; 15 December 1891 – 13 August 1976) was a French philosopher of the early and mid- 20th Century. His primary areas of research were in 17th- and 18th-century philosophy as well as the history of philosophy.
== Biography ==
Gueroult was born on 15 December 1891 in the city of Le Havre in northwestern France. A veteran of both the First and Second World Wars, he was awarded the Légion d’Honneur (of Honour ) and twice with the Croix de Guerre (of War ). It was during his time as a prisoner of war in Germany that Gueroult began drafting his first philosophical work on Johann Gottlieb Fichte, later to become ''L’Évolution et la structure de la doctrine de la science chez Fichte'' (Evolution and Structure of Fichte’s Doctrine of Science'' ).〔Jules Vuillemin, “Martial Gueroult † 13. 8. 1976,” ''Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie'' (for the History of Philosophy'' ) 59 (1977): 289.〕
Gueroult’s first academic appointment was to the University of Strasbourg. In the 1930s, Gueroult spent some time at the University of São Paulo in Brazil where he worked along with other French intellectuals such as Roger Bastide, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Pierre Monbeig, Paul Hugon, Charles Morazé and Ferdinand Braudel to develop the newly founded university’s social science programs.〔Fernando Henrique Cardoso, ''Charting A New Course: The Politics of Globalization and Social Transformation'', ed. Mauricio Font (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001), 3.〕 He would return to France to accept a position at the Sorbonne but in 1951, was named successor to Étienne Gilson at the Collège de France. Gueroult re-titled his position as “Histoire et technologie des systèmes philosophiques” (and Technology of Philosophical Systems” ) and it is here he would remain until his retirement in 1962.
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